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Java 異步I/O

2018-02-05 11:34 更新

Java IO教程 - Java異步I/O

在同步文件I/O中，對I/O操作的請求將等待，直到I/O操作完成。

在異步文件I/O中，I/O操作的請求由系統(tǒng)異步執(zhí)行。

當(dāng)系統(tǒng)完成文件I/O時，它通知應(yīng)用程序其請求的完成。

java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel類表示異步文件通道。

AsynchronousFileChannel類的靜態(tài)open()方法獲取AsynchronousFileChannel類的實例。

以下代碼顯示了如何獲取WRITE的異步文件通道。

Path  path   = Paths.get("C:\\Java_Dev\\rainbow.txt");
AsynchronousFileChannel afc   = AsynchronousFileChannel.open(path, WRITE,  CREATE);

AsynchronousFileChannel提供了兩種方法來處理異步文件I/O操作的結(jié)果。

Using a java.util.concurrent.Future object.
Using a java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler object.

支持異步文件I/O操作的AsynchronousFileChannel類的每個方法有兩個版本。

一個版本返回一個Future對象，我們可以使用它來處理所請求的異步操作的結(jié)果。

Future對象的get()方法返回寫入文件通道的字節(jié)數(shù)。

以下代碼使用返回Future對象的write()方法的版本:

ByteBuffer dataBuffer  = a buffer;
long  startPosition = 0;
Future<Integer> result = afc.write(dataBuffer, startPosition);

一旦我們得到一個Future對象，我們可以使用輪詢方法或阻塞等待方法來處理異步文件I/O的結(jié)果。

下面的代碼顯示了輪詢方法，它將繼續(xù)調(diào)用Future對象的isDone()方法，以檢查I/O操作是否完成:

while (!result.isDone()) {
}
int writtenNumberOfBytes = result.get();

AsynchronousFileChannel類的另一個版本的方法獲得一個CompletionHandler對象，當(dāng)請求的異步I/O操作完成或失敗時，該對象的方法被調(diào)用。

CompletionHandler接口有兩個方法:completed()和failed()。

當(dāng)所請求的I/O操作成功完成時，將調(diào)用completed()方法。

當(dāng)請求的I/O操作時失敗，則調(diào)用failed()方法。

以下代碼使用Attachment類的對象作為完成處理程序的附件:

class  Attachment {
    public Path  path;
    public  ByteBuffer buffer;
    public  AsynchronousFileChannel asyncChannel;
}
class MyHandler implements CompletionHandler<Integer,  Attachment>   {
    @Override
    public void  completed(Integer result, Attachment attach)  {
        // Handle  completion of  the   I/O  operation
    }
    
    @Override
    public void  failed(Throwable e,  Attachment attach)  {
        // Handle  failure of  the   I/O  operation
    }
}

以下代碼使用MyHandler實例作為異步寫操作的完成處理程序。

MyHandler handler = new MyHandler();
ByteBuffer dataBuffer  = get   a  data buffer;
Attachment attach  = new Attachment(); 
attach.asyncChannel = afc; 
attach.buffer = dataBuffer; 
attach.path = path;

// Perform  the   asynchronous write operation 
afc.write(dataBuffer, 0, attach, handler);

以下代碼演示了如何使用CompletionHandler對象來處理對文件的異步寫入的結(jié)果。

import static java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.CREATE;
import static java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.WRITE;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    Path path = Paths.get("test.txt");
    AsynchronousFileChannel afc = AsynchronousFileChannel.open(path, WRITE,
        CREATE);
    WriteHandler handler = new WriteHandler();
    ByteBuffer dataBuffer = getDataBuffer();
    Attachment attach = new Attachment();
    attach.asyncChannel = afc;
    attach.buffer = dataBuffer;
    attach.path = path;

    afc.write(dataBuffer, 0, attach, handler);

    System.out.println("Sleeping for 5  seconds...");
    Thread.sleep(5000);
  }
  public static ByteBuffer getDataBuffer() {
    String lineSeparator = System.getProperty("line.separator");
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.append("test");
    sb.append(lineSeparator);
    sb.append("test");
    sb.append(lineSeparator);
    String str = sb.toString();
    Charset cs = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(str.getBytes(cs));
    return bb;
  }
}
class Attachment {
  public Path path;
  public ByteBuffer buffer;
  public AsynchronousFileChannel asyncChannel;
}

class WriteHandler implements CompletionHandler<Integer, Attachment> {
  @Override
  public void completed(Integer result, Attachment attach) {
    System.out.format("%s bytes written  to  %s%n", result,
        attach.path.toAbsolutePath());
    try {
       attach.asyncChannel.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void failed(Throwable e, Attachment attach) {
    try {
      attach.asyncChannel.close();
    } catch (IOException e1) {
      e1.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

例子

以下代碼演示了如何使用Future對象來處理對文件的異步寫入的結(jié)果。

import static java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.CREATE;
import static java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.WRITE;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public class Main {
  public static ByteBuffer getDataBuffer() {
    String lineSeparator = System.getProperty("line.separator");

    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.append("test");
    sb.append(lineSeparator);

    String str = sb.toString();
    Charset cs = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(str.getBytes(cs));

    return bb;
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    Path path = Paths.get("test.txt");

    try (AsynchronousFileChannel afc = AsynchronousFileChannel.open(path,
        WRITE, CREATE)) {
      ByteBuffer dataBuffer = getDataBuffer();
      Future<Integer> result = afc.write(dataBuffer, 0);
      while (!result.isDone()) {
        System.out.println("Sleeping for 2  seconds...");
        Thread.sleep(2000);
      }
      int writtenBytes = result.get();
      System.out.format("%s bytes written  to  %s%n", writtenBytes,
          path.toAbsolutePath());

    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

上面的代碼生成以下結(jié)果。

例2

以下代碼演示了如何使用CompletionHandler對象來處理從文件進行異步讀取的結(jié)果。

import static java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.READ;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
    Path path = Paths.get("test.txt");
    AsynchronousFileChannel afc = AsynchronousFileChannel.open(path, READ);
    ReadHandler handler = new ReadHandler();
    int fileSize = (int) afc.size();
    ByteBuffer dataBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(fileSize);

    Attachment attach = new Attachment();
    attach.asyncChannel = afc;
    attach.buffer = dataBuffer;
    attach.path = path;

    afc.read(dataBuffer, 0, attach, handler);

    System.out.println("Sleeping for 5  seconds...");
    Thread.sleep(5000);
  }
}
class Attachment {
  public Path path;
  public ByteBuffer buffer;
  public AsynchronousFileChannel asyncChannel;
}

class ReadHandler implements CompletionHandler<Integer, Attachment> {
  @Override
  public void completed(Integer result, Attachment attach) {
    System.out.format("%s bytes read   from  %s%n", result, attach.path);
    System.out.format("Read data is:%n");
    byte[] byteData = attach.buffer.array();
    Charset cs = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    String data = new String(byteData, cs);
    System.out.println(data);
    try {
      // Close the channel
      attach.asyncChannel.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void failed(Throwable e, Attachment attach) {
    System.out.format("Read operation  on  %s  file failed."
        + "The  error is: %s%n", attach.path, e.getMessage());
    try {
      // Close the channel
      attach.asyncChannel.close();
    } catch (IOException e1) {
      e1.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

上面的代碼生成以下結(jié)果。

例3

以下代碼顯示了如何使用Future對象來處理從文件進行異步讀取的結(jié)果。它使用等待方法(Future.get()方法調(diào)用)等待異步文件I/O完成。

import static java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.READ;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    Path path = Paths.get("test.txt");

    try (AsynchronousFileChannel afc = AsynchronousFileChannel.open(path, READ)) {
      int fileSize = (int) afc.size();
      ByteBuffer dataBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(fileSize);

      Future<Integer> result = afc.read(dataBuffer, 0);
      int readBytes = result.get();

      System.out.format("%s bytes read   from  %s%n", readBytes, path);
      System.out.format("Read data is:%n");

      byte[] byteData = dataBuffer.array();
      Charset cs = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
      String data = new String(byteData, cs);

      System.out.println(data);
    } catch (IOException ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

上面的代碼生成以下結(jié)果。

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