JAR API包括使用清單文件的類。 Manifest類的一個(gè)對(duì)象表示一個(gè)清單文件。在代碼中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Manifest對(duì)象,如下所示:
Manifest manifest = new Manifest();
我們可以從清單文件中讀取條目并向其寫入條目。
要將一個(gè)條目添加到主要部分,使用Manifest類中的getMainAttributes()方法獲取Attributes類的實(shí)例,并使用其put()方法繼續(xù)向其添加名稱/值對(duì)。
以下代碼將一些屬性添加到清單對(duì)象的主要部分。已知的屬性名稱在Attributes.Name類中定義為常量。
例如,常量Attributes.Name.MANIFEST_VERSION表示清單版本屬性名稱。
Manifest manifest = new Manifest(); Attributes mainAttribs = manifest.getMainAttributes(); mainAttribs.put(Attributes.Name.MANIFEST_VERSION, "1.0"); mainAttribs.put(Attributes.Name.MAIN_CLASS, "com.w3cschool.Main"); mainAttribs.put(Attributes.Name.SEALED, "true");
將單個(gè)條目添加到清單文件比添加主條目稍微復(fù)雜一些。
以下代碼顯示如何向Manifest對(duì)象添加單個(gè)條目:
Map<String,Attributes> attribsMap = manifest.getEntries(); Attributes attribs = new Attributes(); Attributes.Name name = new Attributes.Name("Sealed"); attribs.put(name, "false"); attribsMap.put("com/w3cschool/archives/", attribs);
要將清單文件添加到JAR文件,請(qǐng)?jiān)贘arOutputStream類的一個(gè)構(gòu)造函數(shù)中指定它。
例如,以下代碼創(chuàng)建一個(gè)jar輸出流,以使用Manifest對(duì)象創(chuàng)建一個(gè)test.jar文件:
Manifest manifest = new Manifest(); JarOutputStream jos = new JarOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream( new FileOutputStream("test.jar")), manifest);
以下代碼創(chuàng)建包含清單文件的JAR文件。
import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Map; import java.util.jar.Attributes; import java.util.jar.JarEntry; import java.util.jar.JarOutputStream; import java.util.jar.Manifest; import java.util.zip.Deflater; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Manifest manifest = getManifest(); String jarFileName = "jartest.jar"; String[] entries = new String[2]; entries[0] = "images/logo.bmp"; entries[1] = "com/w3cschool/Test.class"; createJAR(jarFileName, entries, manifest); } public static void createJAR(String jarFileName, String[] jarEntries, Manifest manifest) { try (JarOutputStream jos = new JarOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream( new FileOutputStream(jarFileName)), manifest)) { jos.setLevel(Deflater.BEST_COMPRESSION); for (int i = 0; i < jarEntries.length; i++) { File entryFile = new File(jarEntries[i]); if (!entryFile.exists()) { return; } JarEntry je = new JarEntry(jarEntries[i]); jos.putNextEntry(je); addEntryContent(jos, jarEntries[i]); jos.closeEntry(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void addEntryContent(JarOutputStream jos, String entryFileName) throws IOException, FileNotFoundException { BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream( entryFileName)); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int count = -1; while ((count = bis.read(buffer)) != -1) { jos.write(buffer, 0, count); } bis.close(); } public static Manifest getManifest() { Manifest manifest = new Manifest(); Attributes mainAttribs = manifest.getMainAttributes(); mainAttribs.put(Attributes.Name.MANIFEST_VERSION, "1.0"); mainAttribs.put(Attributes.Name.MAIN_CLASS, "com.w3cschool.Test"); mainAttribs.put(Attributes.Name.SEALED, "true"); Map<String, Attributes> attribsMap = manifest.getEntries(); Attributes a1 = getAttribute("Sealed", "false"); attribsMap.put("com/w3cschool/", a1); Attributes a2 = getAttribute("Content-Type", "image/bmp"); attribsMap.put("images/logo.bmp", a2); return manifest; } public static Attributes getAttribute(String name, String value) { Attributes a = new Attributes(); Attributes.Name attribName = new Attributes.Name(name); a.put(attribName, value); return a; } }
要從JAR文件的清單文件讀取條目,請(qǐng)使用JarInputStream的getManifest()類獲取Manifest類的對(duì)象,如下所示:
JarInputStream jis = new JarInputStream(new FileInputStream("jartest.jar")); Manifest manifest = jis.getManifest(); if (manifest != null) { Attributes mainAttributes = manifest.getMainAttributes(); String mainClass = mainAttributes.getValue("Main-Class"); Map<String, Attributes> entries = manifest.getEntries(); }
您可以通過使用JAR文件中的資源引用來構(gòu)造URL對(duì)象。
JAR文件URL語法為
jar:<url>!/{entry}
以下URL使用HTTP協(xié)議引用hgci.cn上的test.jar文件中的images/logo.bmp JAR條目:
jar://hgci.cn/test.jar!/images/logo.bmp
以下URL使用文件協(xié)議引用c:\jarfiles\目錄中的本地文件系統(tǒng)上的test.jar文件中的images / logo.bmp JAR條目:
jar:file:/c:/jarfiles/test.jar!/images/logo.bmp
要從類路徑中的JAR文件讀取images/logo.bmp文件,可以使用類對(duì)象獲取輸入流對(duì)象,如下所示:
// Assuming that the Test class is in the CLASSPATH Class cls = Test.class; InputStream in = cls.getResourceAsStream("/images/logo.bmp")
您還可以在JAR文件中獲取一個(gè)條目的URL對(duì)象,該路徑在類路徑中如下所示:
URL url = cls.getResource("/images/logo.bmp");
更多建議: