Fortran語言文字

Fortran語言可以把字符作為單個字符或字符串連片。

人物可能是從基本字符集，即從字母，十進制數(shù)字，下劃線和21特殊字符所采取的任何符號。

字符常量是一個固定值的字符串。

內部數(shù)據(jù)類型存儲字符的字符和字符串。字符串的長度可以通過LEN說明指定。如果未指定長度，它是1。您可以一個字符串按位置指內引用單個字符;最左邊的字符的位置是1。

性格宣言

聲明一個字符類型的數(shù)據(jù)是一樣的其他變量：

type-specifier :: variable_name

例如，

character :: reply, sex

您可以分配一個值一樣，

reply = ‘N’ 
sex = ‘F’

下面的例子演示了聲明和使用字符數(shù)據(jù)類型：

program hello
implicit none

   character(len=15) :: surname, firstname 
   character(len=6) :: title 
   character(len=25)::greetings
   
   title = 'Mr. ' 
   firstname = 'Rowan ' 
   surname = 'Atkinson'
   greetings = 'A big hello from Mr. Bean'
   
   print *, 'Here is ', title, firstname, surname
   print *, greetings
   
end program hello

當你編譯和執(zhí)行上面的程序它產生以下結果：

Here is Mr. Rowan Atkinson       
A big hello from Mr. Bean

人物的級聯(lián)

連接運算符//符，連接字符。

下面的例子說明了這一點：

program hello
implicit none

   character(len=15) :: surname, firstname 
   character(len=6) :: title 
   character(len=40):: name
   character(len=25)::greetings
   
   title = 'Mr. ' 
   firstname = 'Rowan ' 
   surname = 'Atkinson'
   
   name = title//firstname//surname
   greetings = 'A big hello from Mr. Bean'
   
   print *, 'Here is ', name
   print *, greetings
   
end program hello

當你編譯和執(zhí)行上面的程序它產生以下結果：

Here is Mr.Rowan Atkinson       
A big hello from Mr.Bean

一些字符函數(shù)

下表顯示與說明書一起一些常用字符的功能：

例1

這個例子顯示使用索引功能：

program testingChars
implicit none

   character (80) :: text 
   integer :: i 
   
   text = 'The intrinsic data type character stores characters and   strings.'
   i=index(text,'character') 
   
   if (i /= 0) then
      print *, ' The word character found at position ',i 
      print *, ' in text: ', text 
   end if
   
end program testingChars

當你編譯和執(zhí)行上面的程序它產生以下結果：

The word character found at position 25
in text : The intrinsic data type character stores characters and strings.  

例2

這個例子演示了如何使用裝飾功能：

program hello
implicit none

   character(len=15) :: surname, firstname 
   character(len=6) :: title 
   character(len=25)::greetings
   
   title = 'Mr.' 
   firstname = 'Rowan' 
   surname = 'Atkinson'
   
   print *, 'Here is', title, firstname, surname
   print *, 'Here is', trim(title),' ',trim(firstname),' ', trim(surname)
   
end program hello

當你編譯和執(zhí)行上面的程序它產生以下結果：

Here is Mr. Rowan Atkinson       
Here is Mr. Rowan Atkinson

例3

這個例子說明了如何使用ACHAR功能

program testingChars
implicit none

   character:: ch
   integer:: i
   
   do i=65, 90
      ch = achar(i)
      print*, i, ' ', ch
   end do
   
end program testingChars

當你編譯和執(zhí)行上面的程序它產生以下結果：

65  A
66  B
67  C
68  D
69  E
70  F
71  G
72  H
73  I
74  J
75  K
76  L
77  M
78  N
79  O
80  P
81  Q
82  R
83  S
84  T
85  U
86  V
87  W
88  X
89  Y
90  Z

檢查漢字詞匯順序

以下功能確定字符的詞法序列：

例4

下面的函數(shù)演示了如何使用：

program testingChars
implicit none

   character:: a, b, c
   a = 'A'
   b = 'a'
   c = 'B'
   
   if(lgt(a,b)) then
      print *, 'A is lexically greater than a'
   else
      print *, 'a is lexically greater than A'
   end if
   
   if(lgt(a,c)) then
      print *, 'A is lexically greater than B'
   else
      print *, 'B is lexically greater than A'
   end if  
   
   if(llt(a,b)) then
      print *, 'A is lexically less than a'
   end if
   
   if(llt(a,c)) then
      print *, 'A is lexically less than B'
   end if
   
end program testingChars

當你編譯和執(zhí)行上面的程序它產生以下結果：

a is lexically greater than A
B is lexically greater than A
A is lexically less than a
A is lexically less than B