簡(jiǎn)介
SpringMVC的處理器攔截器類似于Servlet開(kāi)發(fā)中的過(guò)濾器Filter,用于對(duì)處理器進(jìn)行預(yù)處理和后處理。開(kāi)發(fā)者可以自己定義一些攔截器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)特定的功能。
過(guò)濾器
- servlet規(guī)范中的一部分,任何java web工程都可以使用
- 在url-pattern中配置了/*之后,可以對(duì)所有要訪問(wèn)的資源進(jìn)行攔截
攔截器
- 攔截器是SpringMVC框架自己的,只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用
- 攔截器只會(huì)攔截訪問(wèn)的控制器方法, 如果訪問(wèn)的是jsp/html/css/image/js是不會(huì)進(jìn)行攔截的
過(guò)濾器與攔截器的區(qū)別:
攔截器是AOP思想的具體應(yīng)用。
攔截器初體驗(yàn)
1.新建一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,添加web支持,在IDEA導(dǎo)入該項(xiàng)目依賴的lib包。
2.配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
3.配置springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 掃描指定包,讓指定包下的注解生效 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="controller"/>
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- JSON解決亂碼-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
<!-- 視圖解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
4.編寫(xiě)自定義的攔截器。(實(shí)現(xiàn)HandlerInterceptor接口)
package interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//在請(qǐng)求處理的方法之前執(zhí)行
//如果返回true執(zhí)行下一個(gè)攔截器
//如果返回false就不執(zhí)行下一個(gè)攔截器
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("------------處理前------------");
return true;
}
//在請(qǐng)求處理方法執(zhí)行之后執(zhí)行
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("------------處理后------------");
}
//在dispatcherServlet處理后執(zhí)行,做清理工作.
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("------------清理------------");
}
}
事實(shí)上,只要重寫(xiě)preHandle方法就可以。
5.在springmvc-servlet.xml文件中配置攔截器
<!--關(guān)于攔截器的配置-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--/** 包括路徑及其子路徑-->
<!--/admin/* 攔截的是/admin/add等等這種 , /admin/add/user不會(huì)被攔截-->
<!--/admin/** 攔截的是/admin/下的所有-->
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<!--bean配置的就是攔截器-->
<bean class="interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
6.編寫(xiě)controller
package controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class InterceptorController {
@RequestMapping("/interceptor")
public String test(){
System.out.println("InterceptorController");
return "ok";
}
}
7.配置Tomcat,進(jìn)行測(cè)試
初體驗(yàn):自定義攔截器實(shí)現(xiàn)了HandlerInterceptor接口,重寫(xiě)了preHandle方法。在preHandle方法中,返回值決定了是否攔截,當(dāng)返回值為true時(shí),不攔截;反之則攔截。
8.結(jié)果:
- 返回值為true,攔截器不攔截,跳轉(zhuǎn)
- 返回值為false,攔截器攔截,不跳轉(zhuǎn)
攔截器再體驗(yàn)-登錄驗(yàn)證
實(shí)現(xiàn)思路
- 有一個(gè)登陸頁(yè)面,需要寫(xiě)一個(gè)controller訪問(wèn)頁(yè)面。
- 登陸頁(yè)面有一提交表單的動(dòng)作。需要在controller中處理。判斷用戶名密碼是否正確。如果正確,向session中寫(xiě)入用戶信息。返回登陸成功。
- 攔截用戶請(qǐng)求,判斷用戶是否登陸。如果用戶已經(jīng)登陸。放行, 如果用戶未登陸,跳轉(zhuǎn)到登陸頁(yè)面
登錄界面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<h1>登錄頁(yè)面</h1>
<hr>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login">
用戶名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
密碼:<input type="password" name="pwd"> <br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
controller處理請(qǐng)求
package controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
//跳轉(zhuǎn)到登陸頁(yè)面
@RequestMapping("/jumplogin")
public String jumpLogin() throws Exception {
return "login";
}
//跳轉(zhuǎn)到成功頁(yè)面
@RequestMapping("/jumpSuccess")
public String jumpSuccess() throws Exception {
return "success";
}
//登陸提交
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(HttpSession session, String username, String pwd) throws Exception {
// 向session記錄用戶身份信息
System.out.println("接收前端==="+username);
session.setAttribute("user", username);
return "success";
}
//退出登陸
@RequestMapping("logout")
public String logout(HttpSession session) throws Exception {
// session 過(guò)期
session.invalidate();
return "login";
}
}
登錄成功頁(yè)面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登錄成功頁(yè)面</h1>
<hr>
${user}
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/logout">注銷</a>
</body>
</html>
index頁(yè)面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首頁(yè)</h1>
<hr>
<%--登錄--%>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/jumplogin">登錄</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/jumpSuccess">成功頁(yè)面</a>
</body>
</html>
index頁(yè)面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首頁(yè)</h1>
<hr>
<%--登錄--%>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/jumplogin">登錄</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/jumpSuccess">成功頁(yè)面</a>
</body>
</html>
編寫(xiě)控制器
package interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
if (request.getRequestURI().contains("login")) {
return true;
}
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
// 如果用戶已登陸,不攔截
if(session.getAttribute("user") != null) {
return true;
}
// 用戶沒(méi)有登陸,攔截,并跳轉(zhuǎn)到登陸頁(yè)面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
return false;
}
}
在springmvc-servlet.xml配置攔截器
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<bean id="loginInterceptor" class="interceptor.LoginInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptor>
配置Tomcat,測(cè)試。
結(jié)果:沒(méi)有登錄就無(wú)法直接訪問(wèn)登陸成功頁(yè)面。
以上就是 SpringMVC 攔截器的基本內(nèi)容和使用的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,想要了解更多關(guān)于SpringMVC攔截器的資料,請(qǐng)關(guān)注W3Cschool其它相關(guān)文章!也希望大家能夠多多支持!