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解析Netty是怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)高效的HTTP服務(wù)器

猿友 2021-07-21 10:16:37 瀏覽數(shù) (2415)
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Netty 是基于 NIO 的網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程框架，適合開發(fā)高性能、高可靠性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器。下面，我將和大家分享一下怎么用 Netty 來實(shí)現(xiàn)高效的 HTTP 服務(wù)器，希望本篇文章對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。

1 概述

HTTP 是基于請(qǐng)求/響應(yīng)模式的：客戶端向服務(wù)器發(fā)送一個(gè) HTTP 請(qǐng)求，然后服務(wù)器將會(huì)返回一個(gè) HTTP 響應(yīng)。Netty 提供了多種編碼器和解碼器以簡化對(duì)這個(gè)協(xié)議的使用。一個(gè)HTTP 請(qǐng)求/響應(yīng)可能由多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)部分組成，F(xiàn)ullHttpRequest 和FullHttpResponse 消息是特殊的子類型，分別代表了完整的請(qǐng)求和響應(yīng)。所有類型的 HTTP 消息（FullHttpRequest、LastHttpContent 等等）都實(shí)現(xiàn)了 HttpObject 接口。

(1) HttpRequestEncoder 將 HttpRequest、HttpContent 和 LastHttpContent 消息編碼為字節(jié)。
(2) HttpResponseEncoder 將 HttpResponse、HttpContent 和 LastHttpContent 消息編碼為字節(jié)。
(3) HttpRequestDecoder 將字節(jié)解碼為 HttpRequest、HttpContent 和 LastHttpContent 消息。
(4) HttpResponseDecoder 將字節(jié)解碼為 HttpResponse、HttpContent 和 LastHttpContent 消息。
(5) HttpClientCodec 和 HttpServerCodec 則將請(qǐng)求和響應(yīng)做了一個(gè)組合。

1.1 聚合 HTTP 消息

由于 HTTP 的請(qǐng)求和響應(yīng)可能由許多部分組成，因此你需要聚合它們以形成完整的消息。
為了消除這項(xiàng)繁瑣的任務(wù)，Netty 提供了一個(gè)聚合器 HttpObjectAggregator，它可以將多個(gè)消
息部分合并為 FullHttpRequest 或者 FullHttpResponse 消息。通過這樣的方式，你將總是看
到完整的消息內(nèi)容。

1.2 HTTP 壓縮

當(dāng)使用 HTTP 時(shí)，建議開啟壓縮功能以盡可能多地減小傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的大小。雖然壓縮會(huì)帶
來一些 CPU 時(shí)鐘周期上的開銷，但是通常來說它都是一個(gè)好主意，特別是對(duì)于文本數(shù)據(jù)來
說。Netty 為壓縮和解壓縮提供了 ChannelHandler 實(shí)現(xiàn)，它們同時(shí)支持 gzip 和 deflate 編碼。

2 代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)

202148162428517

2.1 pom

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.28.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.20</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--工具-->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.12.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-collections4 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
            <version>4.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--日志-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.25</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>



    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>8</source>
                    <target>8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

2.2 HttpConsts

public class HttpConsts {

    private HttpConsts() {

    }

    public static final Integer PORT = 8888;

    public static final String HOST = "127.0.0.1";


}

2.3 服務(wù)端

2.3.1 HttpServer

@Slf4j
public class HttpServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        HttpServer httpServer = new HttpServer();
        httpServer.start();
    }


    public void start() throws InterruptedException {


        EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            serverBootstrap.group(boss, worker)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .childHandler(new HttpServerHandlerInitial());
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(HttpConsts.PORT).sync();
            log.info("服務(wù)器已開啟......");
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            boss.shutdownGracefully();
            worker.shutdownGracefully();
        }


    }


}

2.3.2 HttpServerBusinessHandler

@Slf4j
public class HttpServerBusinessHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {


    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {

        //通過編解碼器把byteBuf解析成FullHttpRequest
        if (msg instanceof FullHttpRequest) {

            //獲取httpRequest
            FullHttpRequest httpRequest = (FullHttpRequest) msg;

            try {
                //獲取請(qǐng)求路徑、請(qǐng)求體、請(qǐng)求方法
                String uri = httpRequest.uri();
                String content = httpRequest.content().toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
                HttpMethod method = httpRequest.method();
                log.info("服務(wù)器接收到請(qǐng)求:");
                log.info("請(qǐng)求uri:{},請(qǐng)求content:{},請(qǐng)求method:{}", uri, content, method);

                //響應(yīng)
                String responseMsg = "Hello World";
                FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(
                        HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,HttpResponseStatus.OK,
                        Unpooled.copiedBuffer(responseMsg,CharsetUtil.UTF_8)
                );
                response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE,"text/plain;charset=UTF-8");
                ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
            } finally {
                httpRequest.release();
            }

        }
    }
}

2.3.3 HttpServerHandlerInitial

public class HttpServerHandlerInitial extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {


    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {

        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();

        //http請(qǐng)求編解碼器,請(qǐng)求解碼，響應(yīng)編碼
        pipeline.addLast("serverCodec", new HttpServerCodec());
        //http請(qǐng)求報(bào)文聚合為完整報(bào)文，最大請(qǐng)求報(bào)文為10M
        pipeline.addLast("aggregator", new HttpObjectAggregator(10 * 1024 * 1024));
        //響應(yīng)報(bào)文壓縮
        pipeline.addLast("compress", new HttpContentCompressor());
        //業(yè)務(wù)處理handler
        pipeline.addLast("serverBusinessHandler", new HttpServerBusinessHandler());

    }
}

2.4 客戶端

2.4.1 HttpClient

public class HttpClient {


    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        HttpClient httpClien = new HttpClient();
        httpClien.start();

    }

    public void start() throws InterruptedException {
        EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup)
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new HttpClientHandlerInitial());

            ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.connect(HttpConsts.HOST, HttpConsts.PORT).sync();
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        } finally {
            eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }


    }

}

2.4.2 HttpClientBusinessHandler

@Slf4j
public class HttpClientBusinessHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        //通過編解碼器把byteBuf解析成FullHttpResponse
        if (msg instanceof FullHttpResponse) {
            FullHttpResponse httpResponse = (FullHttpResponse) msg;
            HttpResponseStatus status = httpResponse.status();
            ByteBuf content = httpResponse.content();
            log.info("客戶端接收響應(yīng)信息：");
            log.info("status:{},content:{}", status, content.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
            httpResponse.release();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

        //封裝請(qǐng)求信息
        URI uri = new URI("/test");
        String msg = "Hello";
        DefaultFullHttpRequest request = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
                HttpMethod.GET, uri.toASCIIString(), Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(msg.getBytes(CharsetUtil.UTF_8)));

        //構(gòu)建http請(qǐng)求
        request.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, HttpConsts.HOST);
        request.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.KEEP_ALIVE);
        request.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH, request.content().readableBytes());

        // 發(fā)送http請(qǐng)求
        ctx.writeAndFlush(request);
    }
}

2.4.3 HttpClientHandlerInitial

public class HttpClientHandlerInitial extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {

    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {

        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();

        //客戶端編碼、解碼器，請(qǐng)求編碼，響應(yīng)解碼
        pipeline.addLast("clientCodec", new HttpClientCodec());
        //http聚合器，將http請(qǐng)求聚合成一個(gè)完整報(bào)文
        pipeline.addLast("aggregator", new HttpObjectAggregator(10 * 1024 * 1024));
        //http響應(yīng)解壓縮
        pipeline.addLast("decompressor", new HttpContentDecompressor());
        //業(yè)務(wù)handler
        pipeline.addLast("clientBusinessHandler", new HttpClientBusinessHandler());

    }
}

2.5 測試

啟動(dòng)服務(wù)端：

202148162859433

202148162926108

啟動(dòng)客戶端:

202148162953900

202148163021067

以上就是關(guān)于如何使用Netty來實(shí)現(xiàn)高效的HTTP服務(wù)器的全部內(nèi)容，想要了解更多關(guān)于Netty框架的其他資料，請(qǐng)關(guān)注W3Cschool其它相關(guān)文章！如果本篇文章對(duì)各位的學(xué)習(xí)所幫助，還希望大家能夠多多支持。

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